I. Advances in embryonic and placental development

1.Abstract:
The early development of embryos needs thorough, if we have to reduce embryonic mortality. Details of embryo mortality were examined (Wani, 2005). The reproductive abnormalities were examined and a sequential photo presentation of embryo mortality have been published recently (Khatoon et al 2007). The critical period in which the maximum loss embryonic unnoticed is the period before the seizure. Losses before the actual union of maternal-fetal tissues can be interrupted and the estimates of embryonic mortality estimates are still missing. Recent studies (Wani, 2006, Khatoon et al 2006) has opened an innovative new model to investigate the development and maternal-fetal attachment. This article describes the detailed development of embryonic elongation of the blastocyst, the blastocyst formation in the cotyledons elongated branches and the vascular networks and the formation of the fetus and placenta. By contrast, a detailed photographic evidence of the receptivity of the uterus, the formation of a mechanism of immune barrier multilayer onset of maternal-fetal barrier during the formation of whiskers, the formation of uterine milk Finally, bearded cotyledous union was photographed.
2.Introduction:
second and third generation, such as animal biotechnology reviewed (Wani, 2005) multiple ovulation, embryo transfer, storage, fractionation micromanipulation cloning, embryos and nuclear transfer. technology generation breeding quarter move beyond our imagination, and now the transgenic goats give milk is rich in insulin. (Wani, 2007). The stem cell technology, culture cells pronuclear microinjection of embryos with sperm-mediated, genetic modification have been used and are specifically considered and discussed (Wani, 2005, 2007).
The application of this promotion for diagnostic, therapeutic and economic, particularly transfer to human medicine or for the implementation on the ground in the animal industry and other needs assessment.
The act of one that may be of importance is the number of cells per embryo. During the first day of these cells may be two, but eight days after the increases in cell number to 120 or more. It takes 32 hours for oocysts after fertilization to reach the two-cell embryo. Another 13 hours are needed to develop a four-cell embryo. In another 15 hours 8-cell stage is reached. It is from here that takes 30 hours for an embryo becomes a morula. This was one of the most critical periods of embryonic development in sheep. A diagram of genematic follical different stages of maturation of oocyte development and development been reported (Wani 2005a) Shape of the website also show that the protein content after fertilization embryos of 16 days old of 7500 one more time. Morphologically embryo size varies from spherical to elongated Ovidio from day 13 of last intercourse. new protein synthesis per unit of embryo up to 8 to 13-day embryos. Similarly, the phosphorylation per unit of embryos is also ten times in eight embryos just days old, the later stages. Glucose and lactose production increased until day 16 and maximum 14 days metabolic last intercourse. For the synthesis of production have increased, the amino acid requirements are made for the production of acids and glutonic Allanic by embryos. Products matobolic get rid amines. Signal transduction from mother to fetus examined controls (Morris et al 2001).
3. The dynamics of the dominant follicle
Animal products, veterinary medicine containers, profitable genetic (trait) improved DNA chips, more companies giving resistance gene is a new role in the future. For the technology of the coming century great training, we must be prepared to use technologies for 4th generation welfare and protection mechanisms. We thought, and used the laparoscopic ultrasonography and 30 (Wani et al, 1979, 1981.1982 Wani) , which has become a buzzword and other sophisticated and modernized by my students at all world (Aggarwal, 2006, Wani, 2006). Our concept of DNA fingerprinting of cashmere goats in 1990 (Khatlani et al, 1995) has crossed the barriers of technology advancement. Today, in these pages, we present our results in
1. Embryonic development, the formation of cotyledons, branching blactocyst vascular system development, net working capital of blood vessels to form the union in the early placenta and the bonding process. Morphological analysis described physiological, endocrine, and histochemical receptor in support of our observations. This is the fifth generation of the basis of reproductive technology for the development of in vitro models of the fetus.
For the sixth to tenth generation of reproductive scientists, theoretical hypotheses present a vision of
-2050.
2. The use of stem cells, germ cells and nanotechnology to produce disease-free gametes, reproductive health, very prolific, its preservation and conservation. Using these and other next generation DNA-related molecular and bio-diagnostics also be discussed.

4. uterine morphological changes:
The first signs of pregnancy in the womb of the earth have been described only morphological straight out of veal (Zamznis, 1976) some of its important characteristics are summarized in a brochure (Wani, 1986) . describes it easier for tangible signs of early pregnancy in cattle and compared the results with horses, sheep and goats. Some early signs of pregnancy with a physical examination are as follows:

i) The presence of corpus luteum of early pregnancy, 15 days / br> ii) The asymmetry of the uterine horns 30-35 days after intercourse
iii) fluctuations around 40-49 days in cattle. Subsequently, the signs of advanced pregnancy, fetuses feel membrance and grafts. Palpation of placentomes and fetuses are known to complete the fetal membranes.
Various signs of fetal development have been described (Wani, 1986) . The month of rational assessment of the fetal sheep has been reported morphological (Mufti 1995, the Mufti et al, 1997) . Several reports and papers and books describing the events in fetal development (Wani, 2005, 2006, 2007).
5. Conceptus development in fetuses at <
/ b> in vitro
Pregnancy is an intimate association between mother and fetus. The protective layer in the maternal caruncle and fetal cotyledon membranes wrapping from blastocysts, transformed into a fetal membranes to the “homograph” status to the fetus. The mechanism of the uterus of ruminants has been discussed (Gray, 2002). His most recent findings and accessories are covered by one of our students.
We tried many alternative mechanism Univel on blastocyst formation and the development of placental cotyledons. protective coatings under the noses of mucin and its union with uterine cotyledons Snape.
The internal changes have been correlated with biochemical function, morphological and histochemical cervical histoanatomic pregnant and nonpregnant women.
6. maternal-fetal interaction:
Estrogen, progesterone in fetal and infant blood and calculated the concentrations of estrogen receptor and progesterone in pregnant women not states.
endometrial receptivity has been discussed (Huct-Hudson, et al 1989, Wani, 1996, Wani, 2003, 205, 2006). Proliferation of uterine cells is influenced by E2 and P4. These hormones have their receptors in the uterus called E2 (ER), P4 (PR) receptors (Lee and Demy 2004) also studied the same and are being analyzed. Our studies indicate some changes to add a new mechanism of fetomaternal unions (Khatoon and Wani, 2007).
various growth factors described (Wani 2006) can be useful in the future for growth in vitro and fetus.
7. Reproduction Management
Reproductive management strategies to improve the safety of meat production can be divided into two types:
i. Traditional treatment: the animals are still governed by zero in / migratory / management system of the tribes or scope. The methods described above will be limited. They can contribute indirectly measured by the improved availability Lord.
ii. The modern management: zero-grazing, stabling or system of semi-intensive goat farming business may use the above methods to increase production of high quality genetic material. Can use several techniques for farming and better informed (Wani, 1996, Wani et al, 200th;. Wani et al, 1998;. Mufti et al, 1997; Wani and Sahani, 1981, Wani et al, 1986, 1987 .., 1988 ; Buchoo and Wani, 1991; Buchoo and Wani, 1991, Wani, 1989, Wani, 1995, Wani, 1984a and b;. Wani and Sahani, 1980a)
8. Fertility improvement
the desired goals of fertility have been discussed (Wani, 2001). prolificacy increased commitment to playing fast, safe / clean delivery, cultures from animals of time, the introduction of the gene of the elite are some of the desired objectives to improve fertility. Limitations in achieving the desired objectives in the sector of small ruminants are the problems of inbreeding, loss of reproduction (Wani, et al, 1980;. 1981, 1994), the pre-pubertal mating, mating blind or illegal, venereal diseases, nutrition and other stress factors. These factors mentioned above to reduce the fertility of ruminants, in particular our transhuman migration systems.
These constraints can be overcome through the adoption of strategies for improvement (Wani, 2001), which includes the exchange of bulls for Bakarwals Gujjar tribes and Chopan to reduce inbreeding. This could be done by the legislature or forced castrations and the introduction of bulls from outside the flock. The detection methods described in pregnancy (Wani, 1981) and later used in J & K under high crop (Wani et al, 1998;. Wani, 1989) should adopt a routine of each herd for better attention children and prey.
9. Luteal biosensitivity Corporation.

11. Conceptus development in fetuses in vitro

Lean meat production requires more studies on the development of the embryo. Prenatal development goes through three stages. The signs of early pregnancy, the growth of bone and nervous tissue in the priority. Over half of gestation and subsequent development of the forelimbs. During muscle development in late gestation and the peripheral extremities, including hair growth. To increase lean meat production, research to investigate the relationship between hard and soft tissues. Maternal and fetal interactions requires a probe. Some basic studies (Mufti, 1996) said that the prospects for handling the production of lean (Wani, 2001, 2002), bio-stimulators in late pregnancy, which can help the production of lamb muscle and / or children at birth as well, increasing birth weight. More details have been described (Wani, 2001, 2002a) Figure 1-5). Further studies are needed in the future to reveal the exact mechanism in the fuel control maternal embryonic genome critical transition. Application of recent techniques of reverse transcription, PCR and others may reveal details (Schultz et al., 1990).

12. Slaughter House follicles

Many of our endangered species die when weather conditions are hard and difficult. Under temperate climatic conditions corpses are trapped in the snow for long. There is the hope of reviving the follicular pool. Our studies on the resumption of life using the follicles of slaughtered sheep and fertilized with sperm from the epididymis was a pioneering attempt in this direction (Wani, 1996) (Figure 8.6). The protein content of unfertilized egg is about 100 mg in rabbits, 27 mg in mice (Brinister, 1967, 1971). Genetic analysis is small for his anticodans vast information and Codan. advanced maturation or resumption of oocyte meiosis begins at birth or shortly before birth and therefore the pool of follicles is fixed at birth. Therefore, the fetal ovary to be manipulated further, particularly due to their lack of immunological sensitivity (Guraya, 1985).
13. Biosafety gametes

Number of germs in the semen because semen fertility unprecedented number (Jer and Dholokia, 1985), contaminational hazards have increased due to pollution, environmental water and air pollution. Above all, development of resistance to known battery and other microorganisms to antibiotics (Gupta and Maurya, 1993). We examined the semen of 40 bulls kept on the bank of frozen semen Rambirbag, Kashmir bacterial load in semen and susceptibility testing to antibiotics (Koul, 2002).

The presence of bacteria in large quantities in semen, the effects of quality and fertility (Jer and Dholokia, 1985). The source of contamination of the seed varies from sites of inflammation and lesions in the penis, contaminated equipment, devices, laboratory environment, additives, solvents, and air. These risks of contamination increases with environmental pollution. Many bacteria have developed resistance to commonly used antibiotics (Gupta Maurya and 1993) in semen diluents inseminations most critical and vulnerable. Other studies in this direction are needed to develop a biosafety of genes and infection without sperm frozen and fresh, in the future.

14. maternal-fetal interaction

The role of endometrial stromal cells during the preimplantation phase needs further investigation. Some studies on the ultrastructure of the endometrium (Brinsfield et al., 1974) are not sufficient to answer questions. What is the role of immune cells and endometrial cells in the immune barrier construction to protect the fetus. biology is the field of fetal abarren research in the world. After some initial steps Dr. Morris youth in the United Kingdom and D. Srivastava in India, because the information is available on the issue Topic (Buchoo and Wani, 1990; Mufti, 1996) . Much remains to be unveiled in 2050. The influence of maternal placenta development of hormones and milk production of the mother. fetal membranes serve as the main source of nutrient exchange. The arrangement of the cotyledons, wattles, the position of single and double conceptus indicate complex mechanisms with common roots. (Mufti et al., 2000) These mechanisms of maternal-fetal interaction and relations emphasis on correct diagnosis of fetal number and corresponding management strategies of maternal nutrition.

15. Nanotechnology:

In the pages of that process we have seen the role of biotechnology in animal reproduction. Future generations will reap the benefits in the form of micron-level technology is replaced by a more precise technology invisible nanogram level of nanotechnology. Now converging technologies have the same form by the merger of nanoscience and nanotechnology to biomedicine, bioscience technology, biotechnology, genetic engineering and information.
Cognitive science such as neuroscience, computer, communications, combined with nanotechnology can be mystical and deterministic science that shows listed as “Majic shows” . This new wave of technology “can define our spiritual wavelength. Many facts unresolved or resolved at birth and genetic constitution must send messages so that we know of the saints SAGIC, peers and fakirs.


The birth of a technology requires patience from the public and politicians. In the past “Michael Faraday” – the inventor of the electric generator, was invited by the Minister of Finance, which is electricity generated. Argues, but no arguments convinced the book. Finally, he promised that the day will come when you can tax. Today, a remote destination of the land requires 24-hour electricity. Never discuss prices, but their availability and knowledge of life and a doctor, veterinarian or any other field. Therefore, Faraday’s experiments as to profess and defend the use of nanotechnology in animal reproduction today. It may seem strange, but in my life I see a role of nanotechnology in animal reproduction.

16. What is nanotechnology:

Technology related to features of nanometer scale. Gametes and that will be announced in detail, the head of the collision of sperm-zona pellucida is filmed. The burst of radial cortical reaction must be known. All chemical messengers that are released at the nanoscale.
The shape of the gametes, zygote, embryo development and fetal nano level will break new additions to our knowledge. The use of such information through the use of programming languages, both hard and soft makes this necessary and useful knowledge remotest corners of the universe. Combing cognitive mythical and mysterious is happening in the womb may be recorded and translated by nano-ultrasound.
And the futuristic vision of nanotechnology nanographic tracking information and has been described (Mordini, E, 2007).
Nanotechnology will allow us to send small nano chips in the uterus of animals to send signals that we want to know about disease prevention. The stem cell technology, stem cells are combined with nanotechnology need to bring a new hope and the future of propapagation Gene-technology-ETT-AI-gatherer. This may seem like sending a wave of spirit to fertilize an egg “- which shows the” Word of God Qur’an the creation of Chirst for ‘mystical spirit. This and other convergence technologies of reproduction are known challenge for us in the future
Nanaoparticels agents can be developed using the blood and Durga to cure the disease at the molecular level. Therefore, a new mechanism for selection of smaller infectious agents could be a possibility.
17. Stem cell technology:
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells. The embryo at the morula stage blastomeres are undifferentiated. These cells can become cells of type 200 or more that could be used to repair or regenerate new cells you want. This cell research can help peak people sick as those suffering from cancer syndrome, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s disease and even paralysis.
Stem cells derived from four to five days-old embryos or fertilized cells. Stem cell technology has a new role in animal reproduction.
First, the source of stem cells could be grouped into a slaughterhouse oocytes or embryos hatching wide in many animal species.
Second, the source of the cells could be obtained from the culture of the fetus and whether new cells cultured fetal immunoprotection could help provide germ cells or specific to a particular organ, organ repair could be a new revolution.