Microscopes are mechanical devices used for viewing objects and materials so minute in size that they are undetectable by the naked eye. The process conducted with such an instrument, called Microscopy, uses the combined schools of optical science and light reflection, controlled and manipulated through lenses, to study small objects at close range.
The basic microscope consists of several complex and interrelated parts: a cylinder that provides a necessary space of air between the ocular lens (eye piece) situated at the top and the objective lens fixed at the bottom, hovering close to a stage containing an optical assembly on a rotating arm and a centered hole through which a light shines from a solid U-shaped stand beneath. Magnifying values for the ocular range through X5, X10, to X20, while the values for the objective lens has a broader span: X5, X10, X20, X40, X80, and X100. These values provide the observer with a spectrum of possible distance orientations and degrees of sharpness as are necessary for viewing and analysis.
Several different kinds of microscopes exist, each having particular features:
Optical Microscope: The first ever created. The optical microscope has one or two lenses that work to enlarge and enhance images placed between the lower-most lens and the light source.
Simple Optical Microscope—uses one lens, the convex lens, in the magnifying process. This kind of microscope was used by Anton Van Leeuwenhoek during the late-sixteen and early-seventeenth centuries, around the time that the microscope was invented.
Compound Optical Microscope—has two lenses, one for the eyepiece to serve the ocular perspective and one of short focal length for objective perspective. Multiple lenses work to minimize both chromatic and spherical aberrations so that the view is unobstructed and uncorrupted.
Stereo Microscope: This is also known as the Dissecting Microscope, and uses two separate optical shafts (for both eyes) to create a three-dimensional image of the object through two slightly different viewpoints. This kind of microscope conducts microsurgery, dissection, watch-making, small circuit board manufacturing, etc.
Inverted Microscope: This kind of microscope views objects from an inverted position than that of regular microscopes. The inverted microscope specializes in the study of cell cultures in liquid.
Petrographic Microscope: This kind of microscope features a polarizing filter, a rotating stage, and gypsum plate. Petrographic Microscopes specialize in the study of inorganic substances whose properties tend to alter through shifting perspective.
Pocket Microscope: This kind of microscope consists of a single shaft with an eye piece at one end and an adjustable objective lens at the other. This old-style microscope has a case for easy carry.
Electron Microscopes: This kind of microscope employs electron waves running parallel to a magnetic field providing higher resolution. Two Electron Microscopes are the Scanning Electron Microscope and the Transmission Electron Microscope.
Scanning Probe Microscope: This kind of microscope measures interaction between a physical probe and a sample to form a micrograph. Only surface data can be collected and analyzed from the sample. Types of Scanning Probe Microscopes include the Atomic Force Microscope, the Scanning Tunneling Microscope, the Electric Force Microscope, and the Magnetic Force Microscope.
Science wouldn’t be what it is today without the microscope, as this device is the primary instrument by which the world and all of its elements are measured and assessed. It is with the microscope that we take a look inside of ourselves so we can learn and understand who we are and how we work.
Watch the video related to atomic force microscope
Rice University professor, Dr. Hafner, explains the Atomic Force Microscope and its applications in the field of nanotechnology.
Help answer the question about atomic force microscope
How sharp do atomic force microscope tips have to be?Smaller and sharper gives better resolution, but maybe wider and blunter gives more force?
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thank you for taking the time to explain some of these things
the types of microscopes that I've used are:
stereomicroscope which is often used for dissecting, it's actually often called the dissecting microscope
compound light microscope which is for great magnification and for seeing 3D images, often used to view bacteria as well
I've also heard of scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope, I'm not positive but I think these are for even greater magnification
It’s funny how people make the immediately jump to say this is for weapons, shows how most humans are thinking. Being able to understand the processes and structure of a cell is key to further advancements in medicine.
The types(4) you asked are as follows…
1. Typical compound light microscope ( the parts: arm, coarse, focus knob, fine focus knob, condenser, mechanical stage, eyepiece lense, objective lense and a in built light underneath at the bottom.)
http://abacus.bates.edu/~ganderso/biology/resources/microscopy.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_microscope
2. Dissecting microscope( parts: focus knob, stage, eyepiece lense, objective lense, eyepiece focus and attached light source but not always present)
http://abacus.bates.edu/~ganderso/biology/resources/diss_scope.html
These two are compound microscopes
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_microscope
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Now electron microscope ; also of two types…
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_microscope
3. Transmission electron microscope(TEM)
PARTS: electron gun, and electron beam, electro-magnetic condensor lens, electromagnetic objective lense, electro-magnetic projector lense, eyepiece, fluorescent screen, or photographic plate and vacuume pump.
http://www.mah.se/upload/TS/SEM.pdf
4. Scanning electron microscope(SEM)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_microscopes#Transmission_Electron_Microscope_.28TEM.29
PARTS:electron gun, primary electron beam, electro-magnetic condensor lens, electromagnetic objective lense, electro-magnetic projector lense, eyepiece, fluorescent screen, or photographic plate and vacuume pump.
http://www.unl.edu/CMRAcfem/semoptic.htm
http://www.unl.edu/CMRAcfem/temoptic.htm
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I think I have helped you enough for your homework. Wish you GOOD LUCK
yeah they was to kill us off with nano germs. look at this person and if you see him….you know what to do.
e=mc²
1+1= window
electron microscope & light microscope
For more information just go to google
Optical microscopes
Electron microscopes
see different microscope pictures just clik the link:
The types of microscopes I remember from school are optical microscopes, electron microscopes and scanning probe microscopes. The english Wiki site talks about point projection microscopes as well.
For whatever reason, the french Wiki site splits up the categories in a different way
They define them as long range and short range microscopes, or microscopes en champ lointain and microscopes en champ proche. (Near-field and far-field)
In french, I'd say that the different types are microscope optique, microscope électronique, microscope à effet de champ (which is the field effect microscope or point-projection microscope), and microscope en champ proche, because all scanning probe microscopes are near field microscopes.
2+2=4
i hope we can get deeper, i am so curious to know what reality is
I didn't know the answer to this one myself, so I looked it up, wow, I can't write it all down here sorry. But here are some sights I was able to pull up, hopefully you can find the info you would like here.
Basically from what I have gathered though, they are broken down into four groups, compound, dissection, scanning electron, and transmission electron. The last source I listed, has a guide to help you pick the right microscope for you if you are looking to buy one. I'm not sure if any of this will help, but I hope it will.
cool